Characteristics
All of the Betta species are little fishes, but they vary substantially in size, ranging from under second . 5 cm (1 in) total length in W. chanoides to 12. five cm (5 in) within the Akar betta (B. akarensis).
Bettas are anabantoids, meaning they can breathe atmospheric air flow using a unique organ the labyrinth. This accounts for their own ability to thrive in low-oxygen water conditions that would eliminate most other fish, such as grain paddies, slow-moving streams, drainage ditches, and large puddles.[2]
The various bettas can be split up into two groups, based on their own spawning behaviour: some develop bubble nests, such as W. splendens, while others are mouthbrooders, such as B. picta. The actual mouthbrooding species are sometimes known as "pseudo bettas", and are occasionally speculated to have evolved from the actual nest-builders in an adaptation for their fast-moving stream habitats.
Title
Much confusion in terms often occurs regarding these types of fish. Siamese fighting seafood, B. splendens, are frequently bought from the United States simply as "bettas". Fish fanciers are therefore often unaware that, since 2006, around 65 types are classified within the genus Betta. A further source of misunderstandings is that while the generic title Betta is italicized as well as capitalized, when used like a common name it is usually none italicized nor capitalized. The common name associated with B. pugnax, for example , is actually thus Penang betta.
Title Betta (or betta) is actually pronounced /ˈbɛtə/;[4] the first part is the same as the actual English word bet. Through confusion with the name from the Greek letter beta, title is often pronounced /ˈbeɪtə/ within American English, and may become misspelled with one 't'. The name of the genus is not related to that of the Greek notice, being derived from the Malay word ikan betah ("persistent fish").
Diet
Wild Betta fish are hardy and may eat almost anything in their conditions, including worms, larvae associated with mosquitoes or other bugs, and even smaller fish. Their own natural environment is often resource-limited, a lot of Betta species have small choice of food.
Conservation
Even though many Betta species are common as well as B. splendens is all-pervasive in the aquarium trade, some other bettas are threatened. The actual IUCN Red List classifies several Betta species because Vulnerable. In addition , B. livida is Endangered, and W. miniopinna, B. persephone, as well as B. spilotogena are Significantly Endangered.[6]
The Un Environment Programme lists a good unconfirmed species, Betta cf. tomi, as having turn out to be extinct in Singapore among 1970 and 1994.[7] This likely appertains to the extirpated Singaporean population associated with B. tomi, which is constantly on the exist in the wild within Indonesia and Malaysia, along with captivity; the Red Listing classifies it as Vulnerable.
Types
A female Betta splendens
You will find currently 73 recognized types in this genus. The presently described Betta species could be grouped into complexes with regard to conservation purposes. (This collection of species makes absolutely no claim at representing the phylogenetic reality. ) The actual complexes of the associated types are:
B. akarensis complicated:
Betta akarensis Regan, 1910 (Akar betta)
Betta antoni H. H. Tan and P. K. L. Ng, 2006
Betta aurigans They would. H. Tan & T. K. P. Lim, 04
Betta balunga Herre, 1940
Betta chini P. T. L. Ng, 1993
Betta ibanorum H. H. Suntan & P. K. T. Ng, 2004
Betta obscura H. H. Tan and P. K. L. Ng, 2005
Betta pinguis They would. H. Tan & Kottelat, 1998
B. albimarginata complicated:
Betta albimarginata Kottelat and P. K. L. Ng, 1994
Betta channoides Kottelat & P. K. T. Ng, 1994
B. anabatoides complex:
Betta anabatoides Bleeker, 1851 (giant betta)
Betta midas H. H. Suntan, 2009
B. bellica complicated:
Betta bellica Sauvage, 1884 (slim betta)
Betta simorum H. H. Tan and P. K. L. Ng, 1996
B. coccina complicated:
Betta brownorum K. Electronic. Witte & J. Schmidt, 1992
Betta burdigala Kottelat & P. K. T. Ng, 1994
Betta coccina Vierke, 1979
Betta hendra I. Schindler & Linke, 2013
Betta livida G. K. L. Ng and Kottelat, 1992
Betta miniopinna H. H. Tan and S. H. Tan, year 1994
Betta persephone Schaller, 1986
Betta rutilans K. Electronic. Witte & Kottelat, 1991
Betta tussyae Schaller, 85
Betta uberis H. They would. Tan & P. T. L. Ng, 2006
W. dimidiata complex:
Betta dimidiata T. R. Roberts, 1989
Betta krataios H. They would. Tan & P. T. L. Ng, 2006
W. edithae complex:
Betta edithae Vierke, 1984
B. foerschi complex:
Betta dennisyongi They would. H. Tan, 2013
Betta foerschi Vierke, 1979
Betta mandor H. H. Suntan & P. K. T. Ng, 2006
Betta rubra Perugia, 1893 (Toba betta)
Betta strohi Schaller and Kottelat, 1989
B. picta complex:
Betta falx They would. H. Tan & Kottelat, 1998
Betta picta (Valenciennes, 1846) (spotted betta)
Betta simplex Kottelat, 1994
Betta taeniata Regan, 1910 (Borneo betta)
B. pugnax complicated:
Betta apollon I. Schindler & J. Schmidt, 2006
Betta breviobesus H. They would. Tan & Kottelat, 98
Betta cracens H. They would. Tan & P. T. L. Ng, 2005
Betta enisae Kottelat, 1995
Betta ferox I. Schindler and J. Schmidt, 2006
Betta fusca Regan, 1910 (dusky betta)
Betta kuehnei We. Schindler & J. Schmidt, 2008
Betta lehi They would. H. Tan & G. K. L. Ng, july 2004
Betta pallida I. Schindler & J. Schmidt, 04
Betta prima Kottelat, year 1994
Betta pugnax (Cantor, 1849) (Penang betta)
Betta pulchra H. H. Tan and S. H. Tan, 1996
Betta raja H. They would. Tan & P. T. L. Ng, 2005
Betta schalleri Kottelat & G. K. L. Ng, year 1994
Betta stigmosa H. They would. Tan & P. T. L. Ng, 2005
W. splendens complex:
Betta imbellis Ladiges, 1975 (crescent betta)
Betta mahachaiensis Kowasupat, Panijpan, Ruenwongsa & Sriwattanarothai, this
Betta siamorientalis Kowasupat, Panijpan, Ruenwongsa & Jeenthong, this
Betta smaragdina Ladiges, 72 (Blue betta)
Betta splendens Regan, 1910 (Siamese battling fish)
Betta stiktos They would. H. Tan & G. K. L. Ng, july 2004
B. unimaculata complex:
Betta compuncta H. H. Suntan & P. K. T. Ng, 2006
Betta gladiator H. H. Tan and P. K. L. Ng, 2005
Betta ideii They would. H. Tan & G. K. L. Ng, 2006
Betta macrostoma Regan, 1910 (spotfin betta)
Betta ocellata de Beaufort, 1933
Betta pallifina H. H. Suntan & P. K. T. Ng, 2005
Betta patoti M. C. W. Weber & de Beaufort, 1922
Betta unimaculata (Popta, 1905) (Howong betta)
B. waseri complex:
Betta chloropharynx Kottelat & P. K. T. Ng, 1994
Betta hipposideros P. K. L. Ng & Kottelat, 1994
Betta pardalotos H. H. Suntan, 2009[12]
Betta pi H. H. Tan, 98
Betta renata H. They would. Tan, 1998
Betta spilotogena P. K. L. Ng & Kottelat, 1994
Betta tomi P. K. T. Ng & Kottelat, year 1994
Betta waseri Krummenacher, 1986
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